Introduction
The 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Seri Hj Abdullah b Hj Ahmad Badawi is a one of prime minister that concern about landscape scenery. During the time, he promoted the green earth concept “ Bumi Hijau ” and he encourage the agriculture sector to the Malaysian. Landscape Architecture profession was played a lot of their roles to support the concept that introduced. But After the Malaysia general election twelfth on Mac 08 2008, a lot of changes was happened to the landscape politic in this country. In the election for first time since fifty years ago, the government party’s lose a lot of their seat in the house of parliament. The opposition party which is the combination of Malaysian Islamic Parties succeed to reduced the two-third majority in the house of parliament by the election. After that, the current prime minister, Dato Seri Hj Abdullah b Hj Ahmad Badawi was forced to resign.The 5th prime minister that also popular with the Islam Hadhari concept and “Cemerlang”, “Gemilang” and “Terbilang” motto finally accepted to resigned as a prime minister after most of the BN members lose their confident to him. About one week later, the deputy of the 5th prime minister, Dato’ Seri Najib b Tun Abdul Razak was replace the duty as prime minister. The first step he took as a 6th prime minister of Malaysia is by introduced 1Malaysia concept to replace the previous concept that conducted by Dato’ Seri Hj Abdullah b Hj Ahmad Badawi. This paper will be discuss about the challenges of landscape architecture profession in the 1Malaysia concept.In the previous concept the function of landscape architecture profession were used a lot and at that time landscape architecture is the one of the profession that help to made the concept success.So, this paper also will be discuss how the Landscape Architect can supports and helps to success the 1Malaysia concept.
1.0 According to Utusan Malaysia homepage (accessed Oct 18,2009), 1Malaysia is a concept that introduced when Dato Seri Najib 's emergence as a sixth Malaysia's Prime Minister of Malaysia. The new PM has chosen a large and brave idea as his guide and goal for his premiership. The main idea of 1Malaysia is to nurturing unity among multi racial in this country. Beside that, PM also try prevent the country from the 1969 tragedy which is the racial riots was happended.
According to 1Malaysia homepage (accessed Oct 17,2009), 1Malaysia is a one idea that base on a few key values duly becomes the practice every of all Malaysian. It is complement present approaches to further strengthen unity to ensure stability, made towards achieving higher progress and development for Malaysian and the country. 1Malaysia planned as a formula which will help to ensure national aspiration, Vision 2020 achieved if this moulded into people's feeling and will practiced by each level of society.
1.1 The priciple of 1Malaysia
According to 1Malaysia homepage, accessed on Oct 17,2009, he concept of 1Malaysia stand with eight principles which is ; humility, acceptance, loyalty, meritocracy, education, integrity, culture of excellence, and perseverance.
I. Huminility
Huminility value is not meaning stoop or give with other peoples. This value need to use in the corresponding with time and place where it’s as practice or culture of Malaysian.
II. Acceptance
Acceptance value would illustrate positive action fully accepted the thing from heart and sincerely without be force elements. This value will create unity and tolerance between all the races in Malaysia.
III. Loyalty
Loyalty value is to indicated that fidelity to King and country which is the second principle in the national principle of Malaysia. The principle required to be held close by every peoples of this country without divided. All ethnic need to prioritize loyalty and interest to the countries rather than loyalty to the race and own group.
IV. Meritocracy
Meritocracy is an option which practiced in democratic country to ensure that those qualified and meets criteria given chance to spur development of the nation. In implementing meritocracy principle, selection based on performance and excellent culture will maximize Malaysia potential in any fields.
V. Education
The knowledge is the important requirement to any country to achieve success. The Strength and flexibility are basing to educated and knowledgeable society overcome military power. Reading culture able to Malaysians which possess permanently open mind secular nation stream had been redefined to pocket vernacular school.
VI. Intergrity
A trust and confidence is necessary practiced by all parties of leader until all level regardless of position. Keep the promise and time-was nature from which claimed in Islamic religion. Breach promise can be scrape belief and loyalty.
VII. Culture of excellence
Culture of excellence will carry Malaysia to higher level of success and achievement. It’s as branch mark for achievement of Malaysia and the world will be confident to recognise this country.
VIII. Perseverance
Perseverance is signify Malaysian people brave to facing the challenge for personal need and also the country. Mind-set of easy to surrender would to change for achieve the success.
2.3 The guideline of 1Malaysia concept
According to 1Malaysia homepage, accessed on Oct 14,2009, 1Malaysia concept will be implemented base on two aspect as follows:
I. Application of Unity
Unity is a culture and practiced by all Malaysians. This unity is a basic components that to strengthen united spirit among the multi-racial people. It will be carried by good values duly underlying of all Malaysian life style.
II. Application of Aspiration Values
Aspiration values that planned in the 1Malaysia concept was a values should have in progressive and dynamic society. This will be help to spur the country to the status of developed nation. Aspiration values will help in creating viable workforce and can compete in global environment and this will be further help boost national economic position stronger and steady to the level.
2.0 Landscape Architecture profession
Landscape architecture is an environmental profession and discipline, encompasses the analysis, planning, design, management, and stewardship of the natural and built environments .This profession is the one of the professional profession that really concern about environmental effect.So that, all the design proposed will to use the sustainable development approach.
2.1 The definition of Landscape Architecture
According to ASLA homepage accessed on 2 september 2009,“ landscape architecture is the art and science of planning and designing meaningful, memorable and sustainable exterior environments in a variety of scales and settings.
Landscape Architecture is the modern of the environment professions and used the principles of arts, science, and technical philosophies and practices that seek to care for the earth's landscapes in a truly holistic, creative and sustainable manner. landscape architecture profession involves the investigation and designed response to the landscape. the scope of the profession includes master planning, site planning, environmental restoration, town or urban planning, urban design, parks and recreation planning, green infrastructure planning and provision, all at varying scales of design, planning and management (Wikipedia homepage accessed on 27 september 2009 ).
2.2 The role of Landscape Architecture in the development
Landscape architecture was played a lot of role in the development such as design the open space, designed the facilities and to improve the quality of life.
2.2.1 Design the open and semi-open space
According to Wikipedia homepage accessed on 30 August 2009, the role of landscape architecture in the development is to design the open and semi-open spaces. It also need to analyze the nature around the place and choose which one to develop or preserve in that area. Landscape architecture profession also concern about the weather, the kind of soil, the hills, the water, and the plants that are there. Besides that, they also design the roads, walkways, and park to give better living to the peoples.
2.2.2 Designed facilities
The role of Landscape Architecture in development is included design residential, parks and recreation, monuments, urban design, streetscapes and public spaces, transportation corridors and facilities, gardens and arboreta, security design, hospitality and resorts, institutional, academic campuses, therapeutic gardens, historic preservation, ecological design and restoration, reclamation, conservation planning, landscape art and earth sculpture, interior landscapes and many more (Wikipedia Homepage accessed on 2 September 2009 ).
3.2.3 Improving the quality of life
According to ASLA homepage, accessed on September 29, 2009, landscape architecture is one of the most diversified of the design professions. Landscape architects design the built environment of neighborhoods, towns and cities while also protecting and managing the natural environment, from its forests and fields to rivers and coasts. This profession have a special commitment to improving the quality of life through the best design of places for people and other living things.
3.3 The scope of work of Landscape Architecture in Malaysia
According to ILAM homepages accessed on 29 August 2009, The scope of work of Landscape Architecture divided into four,the first is study about the planning of Master Plan, study about the local and structural planning, study about the effective of the Envirenment (EIA) and proposed the specific landscape project ;
I. Study about the planning of Master Plan
Landscape architect together with the others profession members cooperate in creating master plan development concept and planning based on environmental factors and landscape resources present. Beside that, they also provide development proposal including preparation of the landscape master plan and the cost of the development.
II. Study about the local and structural planning
Base on the Town Planning Act, the landscape architect will joins to identified the cost of development that will be used to the local government.
III. Study about the effective of the Environment (EIA)
The landscape aspect cover by the study about the landscape valuable and the surrounding area which is need to be preserve of change with the other landscape. The values which is positive and negative need to be identify to mitigate the negative effect of live environment due to singles development project.
IV. The Specific Landscape Projects
Landscape Architecture will conducted the landscape planning and design areas such as Housing, Industrial, Trade area, River bank, Lake, Dam, Walkway, the historical features, Mining area, Urban park, Agriculture, golf cost and etc.
3.4 The Specializations of Landscape Architecture work.
According to ASLA homepage, accessed on September 25, 2009, Landscape architecture work divided into a few catagory such as :
I. Landscape Architect
Landscape Architect are employed with landscape construction and service companies or may be independent professionals. Landscape Architect design all types of planting and green spaces.
II. Landscape managers
Landscape managers use their knowledge of plants and the natural environment to advise on the long-term care and development of the landscape. Landscape managers work in horticulture, estate management, forestry, nature conservation and agriculture.
III. Landscape scientist
Landscape scientists have specialist skills such as soil science, hydrology, geomorphology or botany that they relate to the practical problems of landscape work. Their projects can range from site surveys to the ecological assessment of broad areas for planning or management purposes. They may also report on the impact of development or the importance of particular species in a given area.
IV. Landscape planner
Landscape planners are concerned with landscape planning for the location, scenic, ecological and recreational aspects of urban, rural and coastal land use. Their work is embodied in written statements of policy and strategy, and their remit includes master planning for new developments, landscape evaluations and assessments, and preparing countryside management or policy plans. Some may also apply an additional specialism such as landscape archaeology or law to the process of landscape planning.
V. Garden designer
Garden designers are concerned with the design of small gardens and outdoor spaces and also with historic garden conservation. Green roof designers design extensive and intensive roof gardens for storm water management, evapo-transpirative cooling,sustainable architecture , aesthetics, and habitat creation.
3.5 The important of Landscape Architecture
Landscape Arhchitecture is very important to our environment. One their contribution is to save our environment from the problem such as urban heat, Land slide, erosion, flood and etc. As we know, now this the development process is always happended. Normally development process will created a lot of the environmental problem. So, landscape architects will play their role to help reducing the effect of developmet such as proposed a well-planned to ensure our environment it not destroy during the development process (by Mohd Zaki Harun).
3.0 The Role and contributions of Landscape Architecture in 1Malaysia concept and recommendations on how the landscape architecture can contribute towards visualizing the 1Malaysia concept
As a Malaysian, Landscape Architects need to concerns and understands with the 1Malaysia concept. This is because, they are the one of the people that can help government to promote and success the concept.
4.1 Design Approach
Landscape architects should think a new approach design in succeed 1Malaysia concept that proposed by prime minister especially in the urban design, residential, religious places and playground. Apart from that, landscape architects also need to concern about the cultural values for each race such as colour, tree, sculpture and etc.
I. Urban design
Landscape architects should consider about the of each races that have in our country. Each design proposed must be not make the cause of dissatisfaction among races. For example the sitting area and rest area, landscape architects must be molded with something that can create love feelings to other ethnic by using the form, color and others.
II. Residential
In residential planning, landscape architect must suggest the balance percentage of home ownership to all race. For example if those areas has four race, so the percentage must be divided into 25 percent to each race. So the society will be occupy and share all the facilities in the residential area and can nurture fondness between each others especially their children.
III. Religious place
On the religious places, landscape architects should plan with every housing, town, public park and etc must be in prepare with the place such as mosque, temple, church and temple. As we know, religious people would responsible to their God. Usually after the people fulfils the religious. It will be more subdued in each their action. Due to this, the plan that proposed by landscape architect will help the Malaysian to have good behavior and will help to success the 1Malaysia concept.
IV. Play area
Landscape architect need to design a playground which is every race can play in the area. Then, an investigation should be proceed by the LA to identify the suitable game that be favorite of every race to implement in park design. This case can help tighten between the races relationship whether the parent and children.
V. Color of design
From the aspect of color, landscape architect need to do some research to identify majority of favourite color for each race. As example, Malay like green , Chinese like red and race Indian like white. Landscape architects need to look and implement in the landscape design to coloring the concept of 1Malaysia.
4.2 Talk/Seminar
Landscape architect proposed to hold one programmed such as talk or seminar to explain to public the content and the principles of the concept that introduced by 6th prime minister.
4.3 Awareness campaign
Awareness campaign also need organized by landscape architect to promoted the 1Malaysia concept. So that, the society will know that our discipline is not only concern about landscape design but also concern with current national issue.
4.4 Academic
Landscape architects is also need write and produce book, article or journal to giving instruction and knowledge to students of university, college and school about the role of landscape architect in succeed the concept of 1Malaysia.This is can help the students know about the discipline of landscape architects which is not only functions to plant the tree but also accomplish the concept that introduce by each prime minister of Malaysia. Beside that, the books, articles or journals that produce by LA can directly able to influence the students' interest to follow the course of landscape architecture in local or international university or college.
5.0 Conclusion
For the conclusion, as we are know 1Malaysia concept that introduced by sixth prime minister of Malaysia is to union all the races in the country. Beside that, the concept is also functions to get back the supports from the all Malaysian to the government party’s. This is because, the result of the general election twelfth shown most the Chinese and Indian are not voted the government but they voted the opposition party. So, in this case Landscape Architects have a lot of challenges and need to play a lot of their role to helps and supports the prime minister to succeed the 1Malaysia concept.
No comments:
Post a Comment